PRELIMS CA 1 OCT 2026

DAILY PRELIMS CA 1 OCT 2026 ENG

𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗘𝗻𝗲𝗿𝗴𝘆 𝗖𝗼𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗱𝗼𝗿 𝗣𝗵𝗮𝘀𝗲-𝗜𝗜𝗜 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗺𝗲

Subject: Schemes

• 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵: Union Cabinet approved Green Energy Corridor Phase-III scheme for grid integration of renewable energy.
• 𝗡𝗼𝗱𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘆: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (𝗠𝗡𝗥𝗘)
• 𝗢𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲: Grid modernization of Intra-State Transmission System (𝗜𝗻𝗦𝗧𝗦) | Evacuate intermittent renewable power
• 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗢𝘂𝘁𝗹𝗮𝘆: ₹𝟭,𝟴𝟲,𝟰𝟬𝟱 𝗰𝗿𝗼𝗿𝗲 total outlay | ₹54,082 crore Central Financial Assistance
• 𝗖𝗮𝗽𝗮𝗰𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗧𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗲𝘁𝘀: Evacuation of 𝟭𝟯𝟱 𝗚𝗪 renewable energy + 𝟱𝟬 𝗚𝗪𝗵 Battery Energy Storage Systems
• 𝗟𝗼𝗻𝗴-𝗧𝗲𝗿𝗺 𝗚𝗼𝗮𝗹: Support India's target of 𝟵𝟬𝟬 𝗚𝗪 non-fossil installed capacity by 𝟮𝟬𝟯𝟱
• 𝗘𝘅𝗲𝗰𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗹: Tariff Based Competitive Bidding for new projects | Regulated Cost Plus Basis for upgrades
• 𝗧𝗶𝗺𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲: Parent GEC conceptualized in 2012–13 | Phase-I in 𝟮𝟬𝟭𝟱–𝟭𝟲 + Phase-II in January 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟮

𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗳𝗳𝗶𝗰 𝗠𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗦𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺 (𝗜𝗧𝗠𝗦)

Subject: Science

• 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵: The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs approved the Intelligent Traffic Management System for Delhi with an outlay of ₹1,789.52 crore.
• 𝗘𝘀𝗲𝗰𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗔𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗰𝘆: 𝗗𝗲𝗹𝗵𝗶 𝗣𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗲 | Under Ministry of Home Affairs
• 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲: AI-driven traffic management system | Replaces static signals with dynamic flow optimization
• 𝗠𝗲𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗺: Adaptive Traffic Control System algorithms adjust signal timings to build 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝘄𝗮𝘃𝗲𝘀
• 𝗩𝗲𝗵𝗶𝗰𝗹𝗲 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴: AI computer vision checks license plates against 𝗩𝗔𝗛𝗔𝗡 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮𝗯𝗮𝘀𝗲 to detect stolen or blacklisted vehicles
• 𝗘𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗰𝘆 𝗥𝗼𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴: GPS integration automatically creates emergency green corridors for 𝗮𝗺𝗯𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀 and fire tenders
• 𝗜𝗻𝗳𝗿𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲: Supported by central command centres with 𝗧𝗶𝗲𝗿-𝗜𝗜𝗜 data centres and off-site disaster recovery facilities

𝗖𝗼𝗿𝗽𝗼𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗔𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗙𝘂𝗲𝗹 𝗘𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗺𝘆 (𝗖𝗔𝑭𝗘) 𝗡𝗼𝗿𝗺𝘀

Subject: Science

• 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘁: Ministry of Power notified new CAFE norms for passenger vehicles applicable from 2027 to 2032.
• 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝘁𝘂𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗕𝗮𝘀𝗶𝘀: Enforced under 𝗘𝗻𝗲𝗿𝗴𝘆 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝗰𝘁, 𝟮𝟬𝟬𝟭 | Coordination by BEE and MoRTH
• 𝗙𝘂𝗲𝗹 𝗧𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗲𝘁: Tightens fleet threshold from 𝟯.𝟵𝟵𝟲 L/100 km (2027–28) to 𝟯.𝟯𝟮𝟳𝟯 L/100 km (2031–32)
• 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗯𝗼𝗻 𝗡𝗲𝘂𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗙𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿: Credits usage of 𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗼𝗹 blends, biofuels, and compressed bio-gas
• 𝗦𝘂𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘁𝘀: Grants volume multipliers for 𝗕𝗘𝗩𝘀, hybrids, FFVs, and range-extended EVs
• 𝗘𝘅𝗽𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗱 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘁𝘀: Covers 𝟭𝟮 efficiency technologies | Capped at 𝟵.𝟬 g CO2/km concession
• 𝗧𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗿𝗱𝘀: Dual-cycle reporting mandated under 𝗠𝗜𝗗𝗖 and WLTP standards
• 𝗘𝘀𝗲𝗺𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Applies to low-volume automakers selling under 𝟭,𝟬𝟬𝟬 units annually

𝗡𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗖𝗼𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 (𝗡𝗖𝗠 𝟮.𝟬)

Subject: Schemes

• 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵: MoEFCC launched implementation guidelines for National Coastal Mission 2.0 in New Delhi.
• 𝗧𝘆𝗽𝗲: 𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗺𝗲 | Administered directly by MoEFCC
• 𝗢𝘂𝘁𝗹𝗮𝘆 & 𝗧𝗶𝗺𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲: ₹𝟳𝟲𝟳 𝗰𝗿𝗼𝗿𝗲 | Execution period from 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟱–𝟮𝟲 𝘁𝗼 𝟮𝟬𝟯𝟬–𝟯𝟭
• 𝗖𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗴𝗲: Covers all 𝟵 𝗰𝗼𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀 and 𝟰 𝗰𝗼𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗨𝗧𝘀
• 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗲𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗿: Subsumes 𝗡𝗖𝗠 𝟭.𝟬 (2021–22 to 2025–26)
• 𝗦𝗽𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴: ICZMPs and Coastal Marine Spatial Plans across 𝟭,𝟬𝟬𝟬 𝗸𝗺 priority coastline
• 𝗜𝗻𝗳𝗿𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲: Centre of Excellence on Corals + Conservation and Marine Oceanarium in 𝗚𝘂𝗷𝗮𝗿𝗮𝘁

𝗔𝗦𝗘𝗔𝗡-𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗮 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗲 𝗘𝘅𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗶𝘀𝗲 (𝗔𝗜𝗠𝗘-𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲)

Subject: Misc

• 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘅𝘁: The second edition of the drill commenced at Subic Bay, Philippines.
• 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲: Multilateral maritime exercise between 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗡𝗮𝘃𝘆 and ASEAN member states.
• 𝗘𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: 2nd edition | Inaugural edition hosted by 𝗦𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗽𝗼𝗿𝗲 in 2023.
• 𝗟𝗼𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Hosted by Philippines at 𝗦𝘂𝗯𝗶𝗰 𝗕𝗮𝘆 opening into South China Sea.
• 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗔𝘀𝘀𝗲𝘁𝘀: Indigenous warships 𝗜𝗡𝗦 𝗦𝗮𝗵𝘆𝗮𝗱𝗿𝗶 and INS Kulish deployed.
• 𝗣𝗵𝗮𝘀𝗲𝘀: Conducted in two phases — 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗯𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗣𝗵𝗮𝘀𝗲 and Sea Phase.
• 𝗔𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁: Supports India's 𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗔𝗦𝗔𝗚𝗔𝗥 vision + ASEAN-India Plan of Action 2026–2030.

𝗦𝗲𝗻𝗴𝗼𝗹

Subject: History

• 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵: NCERT incorporated the Sengol into Class 9 textbooks as a historic symbol of power transfer in 1947.
• 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲: 𝟱-𝗳𝗼𝗼𝘁 gold-plated silver sceptre rooted in Tamil statecraft as an emblem of righteous governance.
• 𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻: Originated under the Imperial 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗮 Dynasty | Handed by royal guru during a monarch's coronation.
• 𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟳 𝗘𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁: Commissioned by 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝗿𝘂𝘃𝗮𝗱𝘂𝘁𝗵𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗶 𝗔𝗱𝗵𝗲𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗺 (Saivite mutt) + Crafted by jeweller Vummidi Bangaru Chetty.
• 𝗥𝗲𝗰𝗶𝗽𝗶𝗲𝗻𝘁: Presented to Prime Minister 𝗝𝗮𝘄𝗮𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗮𝗹 𝗡𝗲𝗵𝗿𝘂 in August 1947 to mark the transfer of power.
• 𝗟𝗼𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Preserved at Allahabad Museum | Installed adjacent to the 𝗟𝗼𝗸 𝗦𝗮𝗯𝗵𝗮 Speaker’s chair in May 2023.
• 𝗘𝘁𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆: Derived from classical Tamil word 𝗦𝗲𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗶, signifying moral rectitude, fairness, and truth.
• 𝗜𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝘆: Crowned with a recumbent 𝗡𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗶 (bull mount of Shiva), representing steadfast justice (Nyaya).
• 𝗦𝗮𝗻𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Anointed with hymns from the 𝟳𝘁𝗵-𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝘆 devotional text 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝘃𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗺, composed by saint Tirugnanasambandar.

𝗚𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗸 𝗥𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗿

Subject: Geography

• 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘁𝘦𝘅𝘁: High rainfall in Nepal upper catchment and discharge from Valmikinagar barrage caused severe embankment breaches across Bihar.
• 𝗡𝗮𝗺𝗲: Anciently recorded as 𝗦𝗮𝗱𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗿𝗮 in Vedic Shatapatha Brahmana | Known as Kali Gandaki, Narayani, and Sapt Gandaki in upper reaches.
• 𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻: Rises from 𝗡𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗛𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗹 Glacier in Mustang region near Nepal–Tibet border at ~6,268 metres.
• 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝗯𝘂𝘁𝗮𝗿𝘆: Major 𝗹𝗲𝗳𝘁-𝗯𝗮𝗻𝗸 tributary of River Ganga | Joins Ganga at Sonepur (Harihar Kshetra) opposite Patna, Bihar.
• 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀: Flows through 𝗨𝘁𝘁𝗮𝗿 𝗣𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗲𝘀𝗵 and Bihar.
• 𝗗𝗿𝗮𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗲: 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁 river cutting between Dhaulagiri and Annapurna I to form Kali Gandaki Gorge (Andha Galchi).
• 𝗟𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺: Forms an extensive sediment-rich fluvial 𝗺𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗳𝗮𝗻 across eastern Uttar Pradesh and north-western Bihar.
• 𝗜𝗻𝗳𝗿𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲: 𝗩𝗮𝗹𝗺𝗶𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗮𝗿 Barrage near India–Nepal border diverts waters into eastern and western canal systems.
• 𝗘𝗰𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆: Connects 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝘁𝘄𝗮𝗻 National Park in Nepal with Valmiki Tiger Reserve in Bihar as a transboundary corridor.