PRELIMS CA 6 OCT 2026

DAILY PRELIMS CA 6 OCT 2026 ENG

𝗡𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗛𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗲𝗹 𝗦𝘂𝗿𝘃𝗲𝘆 (𝗡𝗛𝗧𝗦)

Subject: Misc

• 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵: The NSO released findings of India’s first-ever National Household Travel Survey.
• 𝗡𝗼𝗱𝗮𝗹 𝗔𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗰𝘆: Conducted by 𝗡𝗦𝗢 | Under Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI)
• 𝗗𝗲𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Refers only to trips covering distance of 𝟭 𝗸𝗺 or more | Trips under 1 km are excluded
• 𝗦𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗠𝗼𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆: 66.4% travel at least 1 km to institutions | 𝗪𝗮𝗹𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 (37%) is the primary mode
• 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆: 57.6% travel over 1 km to workplaces | 𝗧𝘄𝗼-𝘄𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗿𝘀 (42.6%) are the primary transport mode
• 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗚𝗮𝗽: 61.9% male workers undertake daily work trips + compared to 𝟰𝟭.𝟵% female workers
• 𝗢𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗲𝗹: Buses (55.8%) and railways (17.7%) dominate transport | 𝗦𝗼𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗹 and religious purposes account for 70.2%

𝗡𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗹 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝘇𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗵𝘆𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆 𝗼𝗿 𝗠𝗲𝗱𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲

Subject: Science

• 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵: The 2026 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded for discoveries on light-gated ion channels and optogenetics.
• 𝗔𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗕𝗼𝗱𝘆: Awarded annually by the 𝗞𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝘀𝗸𝗮 𝗜𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘁𝘂𝘁𝗲𝘁 Assembly (Sweden)
• 𝗟𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁-𝗚𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗜𝗼𝗻 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹𝘀: Membrane protein gates activated by 𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 | Regulates cellular electrical activity via ion movement
• 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹𝗿𝗵𝗼𝗱𝗼𝗽𝘀𝗶𝗻𝘀: Discovered in 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗮𝗹𝗴𝗮𝗲 | Generates electrical signals when exposed to blue light
• 𝗢𝗽𝘁𝗼𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗲𝘁𝗶𝗰𝘀: Combines light and 𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗲𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗲𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 | Controls specific neurons with millisecond-level precision
• 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀: Potential vision restoration in 𝗿𝗲𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝘀 𝗽𝗶𝗴𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗼𝘀𝗮 | Maps neural circuits for neurological and inter-organ signalling research

𝗣𝗻𝗲𝘂𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝗴𝘂𝗲

Subject: Science

• 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵: A researcher in Siberia died from suspected pneumonic plague, triggering quarantines.
• 𝗖𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗔𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘁: Zoonotic bacterium 𝗬𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗮 𝗽𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘀 | Gram-negative, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic organism.
• 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗺𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲: Primary via inhalation of aerosolized 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗶𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗱𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘁𝘀 | Only plague form capable of person-to-person spread.
• 𝗦𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗜𝗻𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Develops when untreated 𝗯𝘂𝗯𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 or septicaemic plague spreads to the lungs via the bloodstream.
• 𝗩𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗼𝘀𝘁: Vector is the flea 𝗫𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗽𝘀𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮 𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗶𝘀 | Wild 𝗿𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 serve as the natural reservoir.
• 𝗕𝘂𝗯𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 𝘃𝘀 𝗦𝗲𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗰: Bubonic infects 𝗹𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵 𝗻𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀 causing buboes | Septicaemic multiplies directly in the 𝗯𝗹𝗼𝗼𝗱𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗺 causing tissue death.
• 𝗧𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁: Highly fatal if untreated | Curable with antibiotics like 𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗻, doxycycline, or ciprofloxacin if administered early.

𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻𝘁 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗠𝗲𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗺

Subject: Environment

• 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵: India and Japan launched the Operational Manual for the India–Japan Joint Crediting Mechanism in New Delhi.
• 𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻: Bilateral project-based cooperative mechanism initiated by 𝗝𝗮𝗽𝗮𝗻 with developing partner countries.
• 𝗢𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲: Diffuse 𝗹𝗼𝘄-𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗯𝗼𝗻 technologies + generate verified greenhouse gas emission reduction and removal credits.
• 𝗚𝗹𝗼𝗯𝗮𝗹 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸: Governed under 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗹𝗲 𝟲.𝟮 of the Paris Agreement | Involves transfer of Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes (𝗜𝗧𝗠𝗢𝘀).
• 𝗔𝘃𝗼𝗶𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗗𝗼𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴: Implements robust 𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗱𝗷𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 to maintain international environmental integrity.
• 𝗚𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲: Bilateral 𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻𝘁 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗶𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗲 oversees implementation | Independent 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝗿𝗱-𝗣𝗮𝗿𝘁𝘆 𝗘𝗻𝘁𝗶𝘁𝘆 validates methodologies and verifies emissions.
• 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘁 𝗔𝗹𝗹𝗼𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Credits shared between both nations | Japan uses its share for 𝗡𝗗𝗖 𝘁𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗲𝘁𝘀 + India retains its portion.
• 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗴: Integrates Japanese 𝗽𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗰-𝗽𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝘀𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗶𝗲𝘀 to co-finance high-capex decarbonization infrastructure in India.
• 𝘗𝘠𝘘 𝘓𝘪𝘯𝘬: Paris Agreement and Nationally Determined Contributions (2016)

𝗘𝘅𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗶𝘀𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗻 𝗚𝘂𝗮𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲

Subject: Misc

• 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵: The maiden edition of the India-UAE joint military exercise commenced in Uttarakhand.
• 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲: It is the 𝗶𝗻𝗮𝘂𝗴𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗹 bilateral army-to-army joint tactical training exercise.
• 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗽𝗮𝗻𝘁𝘀: Conducted between the armies of India and the 𝗨𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗔𝗿𝗮𝗯 𝗘𝗺𝗶𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀 (UAE).
• 𝗩𝗲𝗻𝘂𝗲: Held at the Foreign Training Node in 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝘂𝗯𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗮, Uttarakhand.
• 𝗙𝗼𝗰𝘂𝘀: Sharing tactical drills and procedures tailored for high-altitude 𝗺𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗻 𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗳𝗮𝗿𝗲.

𝗕𝗹𝗮𝗰𝗸 𝗦𝗲𝗮

Subject: Geography

• 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵: A commercial cargo ship carrying Ukrainian corn sank in the Black Sea after a drone strike.
• 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀: Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, Turkey | Mnemonic: 𝗕𝗨𝗥𝗚𝗘𝗥-𝗧.
• 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗻𝗸𝘀: Connects to Sea of Azov via 𝗞𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗶𝘁 | Connects to Aegean/Mediterranean via 𝗕𝗼𝘀𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘂𝘀 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗶𝘁.
• 𝗔𝗻𝗼𝘅𝗶𝗰 𝗕𝗮𝘀𝗶𝗻: World's largest meromictic basin | Over 𝟵𝟬% of deep waters lack oxygen and contain 𝗵𝘆𝗱𝗿𝗼𝗴𝗲𝗻 𝘀𝘂𝗹𝗽𝗵𝗶𝗱𝗲.
• 𝗥𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗜𝗻𝗳𝗹𝗼𝘄𝘀: Fed by Danube, Dnieper, Dniester, and Don | High freshwater inflow causes low 𝘀𝘂𝗿𝗳𝗮𝗰𝗲 𝘀𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝘆.
• 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗼𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗹: Passage through Bosporus and Dardanelles is governed by the 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗲𝘂𝘅 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 (𝟭𝟵𝟯𝟲).
• 𝘗𝘠𝘘 𝘓𝘪𝘯𝘬: Bordering countries of the Black Sea (Prelims 𝟮𝟬𝟭𝟵, 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟯)