PRELIMS CA 7 OCT 2026

DAILY PRELIMS CA 7 OCT 2026 ENG

𝗩𝗲𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗮 𝗗𝘂𝗿𝗴𝗮𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶 𝗧𝗶𝗴𝗲𝗿 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗲

Subject: Geography

𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵: Two translocated cheetahs from Kuno National Park were released into the Veerangana Durgavati Tiger Reserve.
𝗦𝘁𝗮𝘁𝘂𝘀: India's 𝟱𝟰𝘁𝗵 Tiger Reserve | 𝟳𝘁𝗵 and largest tiger reserve in Madhya Pradesh.
𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Formed by integrating erstwhile 𝗡𝗮𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗵𝗶 Wildlife Sanctuary and Veerangana Durgavati Wildlife Sanctuary.
𝗟𝗼𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Covers 2,339 sq km across Sagar, Damoh, and Narsinghpur districts in 𝗠𝗮𝗱𝗵𝘆𝗮 𝗣𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗲𝘀𝗵.
𝗟𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝘃𝗶𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻: Notified under 𝗦𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝟯𝟴𝗩 of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 in September 2023.
𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗟𝗶𝗻𝗸: Designated partly to offset habitat loss from the 𝗞𝗲𝗻-𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗮 River Link Project.
𝗣𝗵𝘆𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝘆: Situated on the 𝗨𝗽𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝗩𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗵𝘆𝗮𝗻 plateau featuring Lameta formations and Deccan Traps.
𝗗𝗿𝗮𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗲: Drains into 𝗞𝗲𝗻 River tributaries (Ganga-Yamuna system) and Narmada basin.
𝗩𝗲𝗴𝗲𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Dominated by tropical 𝗱𝗿𝘆 𝗱𝗲𝗰𝗶𝗱𝘂𝗼𝘂𝘀 forests with teak as the primary species.
𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗙𝗮𝘂𝗻𝗮: Serves as a vital habitat for 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝘄𝗼𝗹𝗳, tigers, leopards, sloth bears, and dholes.
𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗶𝘁𝘆: Connects 𝗣𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗮 and Satpura Tiger Reserves, facilitating landscape movement toward Bandhavgarh.

𝗦𝘂𝗿𝘆𝗮 (𝗙𝗹𝗲𝗲𝘁 𝗦𝘂𝗽𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝗦𝗵𝗶𝗽 - 𝟭)

Subject: Misc

𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵: India launched its first indigenously built Fleet Support Ship, named Surya, at HSL, Visakhapatnam.
𝗕𝘂𝗶𝗹𝘁 𝗯𝘆: Designed and constructed by Hindustan Shipyard Limited (𝗛𝗦𝗟), Visakhapatnam.
𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Lead vessel of the 𝗦𝘂𝗿𝘆𝗮-𝗰𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀 Fleet Support Ships | Heavy multi-purpose replenishment oiler.
𝗧𝗼𝗻𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗲: Displaces 𝟰𝟯,𝟱𝟬𝟬 𝘁𝗼 𝟰𝟱,𝟬𝟬𝟬 tonnes | One of the heaviest auxiliary vessels built in India.
𝗖𝗮𝗽𝗮𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀: Transfers fuel, fresh water, and munitions underway via dual alongside, stern, and vertical replenishment (𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗧𝗥𝗘𝗣) stations.
𝗙𝗮𝗰𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀: Flight deck certified up to 𝗦𝗲𝗮 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝟱 for Multi-Role Helicopters + Onboard hospital facilities.
𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗻𝘁: Built with over 𝟴𝟬% domestic content, boosting local maritime supply chains.

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲 𝗡𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗹 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝘇𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗵𝘆𝘀𝗶𝗰𝘀

Subject: Science

𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵: The 2026 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Francis Halzen for contributions to the IceCube Neutrino Observatory.
𝗔𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗕𝗼𝗱𝘆: Conferred by the 𝗥𝗼𝘆𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝘄𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗔𝗰𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗺𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗦𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀 for breakthrough discoveries in physics.
𝗥𝗲𝗰𝗶𝗽𝗶𝗲𝗻𝘁: Awarded to 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗶𝘀 𝗛𝗮𝗹𝘇𝗲𝗻 | Principal Investigator of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory.
𝗡𝗲𝘂𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗼𝘀: Subatomic particles with 𝗻𝗼 𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗰 𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗲 + near-zero mass | Interact extremely weakly with ordinary matter.
𝗖𝗼𝘀𝗺𝗶𝗰 𝗠𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿𝘀: Travel through dust, gas, and magnetic fields undisturbed | Help trace violent cosmic events.
𝗗𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗶𝗽𝗹𝗲: Relies on 𝗖𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗸𝗼𝘃 𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 | Faint blue light emitted when neutrinos strike matter inside deep ice.
𝗜𝗰𝗲𝗖𝘂𝗯𝗲 𝗢𝗯𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆: Uses 𝟱,𝟭𝟲𝟬 light sensors | Buried 1,450 to 2,450 meters deep across one cubic kilometer of ice.
𝗦𝗶𝘁𝗲 𝗦𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Deep 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗿𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗶𝗰𝗲 chosen for absolute darkness | Free from interfering sunlight + lacks light-producing marine organisms.
𝗠𝘂𝗹𝘁𝗶-𝗠𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿 𝗔𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗺𝘆: Combines neutrino signals with electromagnetic light and 𝗴𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝘄𝗮𝘃𝗲𝘀 to study cosmic phenomena.

𝗦𝗠𝗘 𝗚𝗿𝗼𝘄𝘁𝗵 𝗙𝘂𝗻𝗱

Subject: Economy

𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵: Cabinet approved ₹10,000 crore commitment to establish the SME Growth Fund announced in Budget 2026-27.
𝗡𝗼𝗱𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘆: Ministry of Finance | Announced in 𝗨𝗻𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗕𝘂𝗱𝗴𝗲𝘁 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲–𝟮𝟳
𝗟𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲: Set up as an 𝗔𝗹𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗜𝗻𝘃𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗙𝘂𝗻𝗱 under SEBI regulations.
𝗙𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗼𝗿𝗽𝘂𝘀: Anchor government commitment of ₹𝟭𝟬,𝟬𝟬𝟬 𝗰𝗿𝗼𝗿𝗲 | Crowds-in private capital.
𝗜𝗻𝘃𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲: Infuses direct 𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗶𝘁𝘆 capital rather than high-cost collateralized debt.
𝗧𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗲𝘁 𝗦𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿: Focuses on the 𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘂𝗳𝗮𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 sector | Targets the "missing middle" SME segment.
𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝗶𝗰 𝗙𝗼𝗰𝘂𝘀: Prioritizes enterprises in 𝗧𝗶𝗲𝗿-𝗜𝗜 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗶𝗲𝗿-𝗜𝗜𝗜 industrial clusters.
𝗦𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗦𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗲: MSMEs contribute 𝟯𝟭.𝟭% of India GDP | Account for 𝟰𝟴.𝟱𝟴% of national exports.

𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗼𝗴𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰𝘀 𝗔𝘂𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 (𝗜𝗧𝗟𝗔)

Subject: Economy

𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵: The Union Cabinet approved the establishment of the Integrated Transport and Logistics Authority.
𝗡𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲: Dedicated 𝗦𝗽𝗲𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝘂𝗿𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲 𝗩𝗲𝗵𝗶𝗰𝗹𝗲 (𝗦𝗣𝗩) | Serves as national apex body for multimodal transport planning.
𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝗻: Formulates rolling National Transport Master Plan + planning horizon of 𝟭𝟬 𝘆𝗲𝗮𝗿𝘀 or more.
𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗱: Mandatory technical appraisal and monitoring for Central transport projects costing ₹𝟱𝟬𝟬 𝗰𝗿𝗼𝗿𝗲 or more.
𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗜𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲: Establishes 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗥𝗲𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 (𝗡𝗧𝗗𝗥) | Integrates real-time FASTag, GSTN, Vahan, and SARATHI datasets.

𝗩𝗶𝗸𝘀𝗶𝘁 𝗕𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗮𝘁 – 𝗚𝘂𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗥𝗼𝘇𝗴𝗮𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝗷𝗲𝗲𝘃𝗶𝗸𝗮 𝗠𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 (𝗚𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗻)

Subject: Schemes

𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵: The Ministry of Rural Development notified 375 permissible works under the VB-G RAM G Act, 2025.
𝗡𝗼𝗱𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘆: 𝗠𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗥𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗽𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 administers the scheme.
𝗟𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗹 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲: Establishes a 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘁𝘂𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗳𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸 transitioning rural guaranteed wage employment from basic earthworks to high-value assets.
𝗦𝗰𝗼𝗽𝗲 𝗘𝘅𝗽𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻: Permissible activities expanded from 266 to 𝟯𝟳𝟱 works + representing a 41% net increase.
𝗣𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗠𝗲𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗺: Bottom-up formulation through Viksit Gram Panchayat Plan | Requires mandatory formal approval by the 𝗚𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗦𝗮𝗯𝗵𝗮.
𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗰𝗸: End-to-end monitoring via the 𝗩𝗶𝗸𝘀𝗶𝘁 𝗕𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗮𝘁 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗥𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗜𝗻𝗳𝗿𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗰𝗸 to eliminate project duplication.
𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗣𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗿𝘀: Works are divided into 𝗳𝗼𝘂𝗿 thematic pillars covering water, core infrastructure, livelihoods, and disaster preparedness.
𝗪𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗦𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆: Comprises 128 works making it the 𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗲𝘀𝘁 share | Includes check dams, ice stupas, and artificial glaciers.
𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀: Dedicated for the 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗲 in rural employment history | Focuses on cyclone shelters and firebreaks.
𝗔𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗙𝗼𝗰𝘂𝘀: Allocates 𝟭𝟴𝟭 works specifically to agriculture and allied sectors | Includes 52 individual farmer-land works.
𝗧𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀: Dedicated 107 works for vulnerable households | Reserves 𝟯𝟲 works each for women and youth.

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