PRELIMS CA 2 OCT 2026

DAILY PRELIMS CA 2 OCT 2026 ENG

𝗚𝗢𝗕𝗔𝗥𝗱𝗵𝗮𝗻 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗺𝗲

`Subject: Schemes`

- 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵: Petroleum Ministry launched the consolidated GOBARdhan Central Sector Scheme to accelerate India's Compressed Biogas sector.

- 𝗡𝗼𝗱𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘆: Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (𝗠𝗼𝗣𝗡𝗚)

- 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗺𝗲 𝗧𝘆𝗽𝗲: 𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗺𝗲 | Outlay: ₹𝟮𝟯,𝟳𝟯𝟭 𝗰𝗿𝗼𝗿𝗲 for FY 2026–27 to FY 2035–36

- 𝗢𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲: Scale commercial 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝗕𝗶𝗼𝗴𝗮𝘀 (CBG) production | Convert agricultural waste and cattle dung into green energy

- 𝗔𝗱𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗴: Benchmark price fixed at ₹𝟮,𝟭𝟭𝟬 𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝗠𝗠𝗕𝘁𝘂 for revenue visibility

- 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝗕𝗶𝗼𝗴𝗮𝘀 𝗢𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Mandatory CGD blending set at 3% (2026–27), 4% (2027–28), and 𝟱% from FY 2028–29

- 𝗖𝗮𝗽𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗶𝗱𝘆: Up to ₹𝟮 𝗰𝗿𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝗧𝗣𝗗 installed capacity for eligible greenfield CBG plants

- 𝗣𝗶𝗽𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗦𝘂𝗽𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁: Covers 𝟴𝟬% capex for cluster trunk pipelines + 50% for standalone plants connecting to local grids

- 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘁 𝗚𝘂𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗲: Risk-sharing guarantee covering up to 𝟴𝟱% default risk | Cap ₹20 crore (MSMEs) + ₹25 crore (women-led)

- 𝗜𝗻𝗻𝗼𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 & 𝗗𝗶𝗴𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗹: Biomass mapping via Challenge Fund | Operationalized through the 𝗨𝗻𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗲𝗱 𝗚𝗢𝗕𝗔𝗥𝗱𝗵𝗮𝗻 𝗣𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗮l

𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗢𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗶𝘀𝘀𝘂𝗲𝘀 𝗔𝗰𝘁 (𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗧𝗔), 𝟭𝟵𝟵𝟰

`Subject: Polity`

• 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵: The statutory framework regulating human organ donations and preventing commercial organ trafficking was highlighted.
• 𝗟𝗲𝗴𝗶𝘀𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆: Enacted in 𝟭𝟵𝟵𝟰 | Amended in 𝟮𝟬𝟭𝟭 to include tissues + mandate national organ registry.
• 𝗜𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘁𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲: 𝗡𝗢𝗧𝗧𝗢 (Apex tier under MoHFW) + 𝗥𝗢𝗧𝗧𝗢 (Regional tier) + 𝗦𝗢𝗧𝗧𝗢 (State tier).
• 𝗡𝗲𝗮𝗿-𝗥𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗗𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗿𝘀: Spouses, children, grandchildren, siblings, parents, and grandparents.
• 𝗡𝗼𝗻-𝗥𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗗𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗿𝘀: Section 9(3) mandates approval by statutory 𝗔𝘂𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘀𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗶𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗲 to verify altruism.
• 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗶𝗻-𝗦𝘁𝗲𝗺 𝗗𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵: Legally recognised | Requires certification by a designated panel of medical experts.
• 𝗣𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗹𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀: Commercial dealing yields 𝟱–𝟭𝟬 𝘆𝗲𝗮𝗿𝘀 imprisonment + fine of ₹20 lakh to 𝗙₹𝟭 𝗰𝗿𝗼𝗿𝗲 | Unauthorised removal attracts up to 𝟭𝟬 𝘆𝗲𝗮𝗿𝘀 jail.

𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗙𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗹𝗲 𝗙𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲

`Subject: Misc`

• 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵: India's first Female Farmer Worker Conference was held in New Delhi to recognize women's contributions to agriculture.
• 𝗢𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Organised by 𝗕𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘆𝗮 𝗞𝗶𝘀𝗮𝗻 𝗦𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗵 | Held in New Delhi
• 𝗚𝗹𝗼𝗯𝗮𝗹 𝗔𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁: Aligned with the UN 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗬𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗪𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗙𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲
• 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗔𝗶𝗺: Establish legal identity of women as 𝗞𝗶𝘀𝗮𝗻 + Facilitate joint land pattas and institutional credit access
• 𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗙𝗼𝗰𝘂𝘀: Promotion of 𝗰𝗼𝘄-𝗯𝗮𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝗻𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗳𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗴 | Indigenous seed conservation + Scaling women-led FPOs

𝗟𝗮𝗹 𝗕𝗮𝗵𝗮𝗱𝘂𝗿 𝗦𝗵𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶

`Subject: History`

• 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵: India observed the birth anniversary of former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri on October 2.
• 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: 𝟮𝗻𝗱 Prime Minister of Independent India (1964–1966) | Posthumously awarded 𝗕𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗮𝘁 𝗥𝗮𝘁𝗻𝗮 in 1966.
• 𝗙𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗱𝗼𝗺 𝗠𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁: Participated in Non-Cooperation (1921), Salt Satyagraha, Individual Satyagraha, and 𝗤𝘂𝗶𝘁 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗮 Movement.
• 𝗘𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Earned academic degree 'Shastri' from 𝗞𝗮𝘀𝗵𝗶 𝗩𝗶𝗱𝘆𝗮 𝗣𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵 in Varanasi.
• 𝗢𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Lifelong member and President of 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗦𝗼𝗰𝗶𝗲𝘁𝘆 (founded by Lala Lajpat Rai).
• 𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗦𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗮𝗻: Coined 𝗝𝗮𝗶 𝗝𝗮𝘄𝗮𝗻, 𝗝𝗮𝗶 𝗞𝗶𝘀𝗮𝗻 during the 1965 Indo-Pak War.
• 𝗜𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘁𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗲𝘁𝘂𝗽: Established 𝗡𝗗𝗗𝗕 in 1965 to support White Revolution (Operation Flood).
• 𝗔𝗴𝗿𝗶-𝗥𝗲𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝘀: Set up Agricultural Prices Commission (now CACP) + Food Corporation of India (𝗙𝗖𝗜).
• 𝗔𝗰𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆: Resigned as Union Railway Minister in 1956 following the 𝗔𝗿𝗶𝘆𝗮𝗹𝘂𝗿 train disaster.
• 𝗗𝗶𝗽𝗹𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗰𝘆: Signed 𝗧𝗮𝘀𝗵𝗸𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗗𝗲𝗰𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 (1966) with Pakistan's Ayub Khan under Soviet mediation.
• 𝗠𝗲𝗺𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗹: Memorial enshrined at 𝗩𝗶𝗷𝗮𝘆 𝗚𝗵𝗮𝘁 in New Delhi.

𝗠𝗮𝗿𝘀𝗵𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗜𝘀𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘀

`Subject: Geography`

• 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵: A UN report urged the US to address its historical nuclear testing legacy and radioactive waste in the Marshall Islands.
• 𝗟𝗼𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: 𝗠𝗶𝗰𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗶𝗮 region | Central-western Pacific Ocean north of equator between 𝗛𝗮𝘄𝗮𝗶𝗶 and Australia
• 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝘆: Comprises 29 coral atolls and 5 islands | Divided into 𝗥𝗮𝘁𝗮𝗸 (eastern) and 𝗥𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗸 (western) chains
• 𝗧𝗲𝗿𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗘𝘅𝗽𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗲: Water accounts for over 𝟵𝟴% of total national territory
• 𝗘𝗹𝗲𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Average height is 𝟮.𝟭 𝗺𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗲𝘀 | Highly vulnerable to sea-level rise and coastal inundation
• 𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗔𝘁𝗼𝗹𝗹𝘀: 𝗠𝗮𝗷𝘂𝗿𝗼 (capital) | 𝗞𝘄𝗮𝗷𝗮𝗹𝗲𝗶𝗻 (hosts US Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site) | 𝗕𝗶𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗶 and 𝗘𝗻𝗲𝘄𝗲𝘁𝗮𝗸 (historical US nuclear test sites)
• 𝗥𝘂𝗻𝗶𝘁 𝗗𝗼𝗺𝗲: Radioactive waste containment structure located on 𝗥𝘂𝗻𝗶𝘁 𝗜𝘀𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱
• 𝗣𝗼𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝘁𝘂𝘀: Sovereign presidential-parliamentary republic in a Compact of Free Association (𝗖𝗢𝗙𝗔) with the US