PRELIMS CA 4 SEPT 2026

RAKSHA Document

Subject: Misc

Context: Defence Minister released RAKSHA, a strategic 10-year defence diplomacy vision document.
Nature: 10-year strategic defence diplomacy blueprint | Formulated by Ministry of Defence
Implementation: Coordinated with MEA + National Security Council Secretariat
Maritime Focus: Consolidates operational footprint across Indian Ocean Region | Reaffirms Net Security Provider status
Export Target: Promotes indigenous hardware exports under Make in India initiative
Mechanism: Integrates Defence Attaches + Lines of Credit for foreign military procurement

Subject: Misc

Context: Ministry of Defence announced the 16th edition of Aero India to be held in February 2027.
Nature: Asia's largest biennial aerospace and defence exhibition.
Organiser: Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence | Hosted by Indian Air Force.
Venue: Air Force Station, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka.
Feature: First edition post-Operation Sindoor + spotlights indigenous BrahMos and Akash missile systems.

Subject: Economy

Context: Sovereign bond yields surged globally across major economies, driving up India's benchmark 10-year government bond yield.
Definition: Large-scale selling of government debt in secondary markets | Drives bond prices down and yields up.
Mechanism: Bond prices and yields share an inverse relationship | Face value and coupon payout remain fixed.
Causes: Massive sovereign debt issuance | Persistent inflation pressures + Market expectations of higher-for-longer interest rates.
Impact on India: Triggers FPI outflows toward advanced economies | Puts depreciation pressure on rupee + Elevates corporate borrowing costs.

Subject: Polity

Context: The Supreme Court ruled that the Bar Council of India has no statutory jurisdiction to discipline law students.
Nature: Statutory apex regulatory body | Established under the Advocates Act, 1961.
Historical Origin: Recommended by the All-India Bar Committee (1951–53) headed by Justice S. R. Das.
Mandate: Prescribes rules of professional conduct and etiquette for advocates | Exercises appellate disciplinary jurisdiction over State Bar Councils.
Legal Education: Sets educational standards | Accords recognition to Indian and foreign universities granting law degrees.
Examination: Administers the mandatory All-India Bar Examination (AIBE) for law graduates seeking practice certificates.
Jurisdiction Limit: Control begins only after enrolment as an advocate + Student discipline rests exclusively with parent universities.

Subject: Geography

Context: Prime Minister of India held talks with Belgian PM Bart De Wever in New Delhi.
Location: Sovereign federal constitutional monarchy in northwestern Europe | Capital: Brussels
Border Nations: Bounded by 4 countries: France, Luxembourg, Germany, and the Netherlands
Flemish Lowlands: Flat coastal plains in the northwest + features reclaimed polders protected by dikes
Central Plateaus: Fertile loess plains between 45–200 m elevation | Dissected by Scheldt River basin
The Ardennes: Ancient Paleozoic Hercynian orogenic plateau | Contains highest point, Signal de Botrange (694 m)
Sambre-Meuse Valley: Deep geological depression dividing northern lowlands from southern highlands
Geology & Minerals: Southern river valleys feature limestone karst caves + Devonian-Carboniferous iron and coal deposits